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Ce livre présente une somme de réflexions et d'interrogations suscitées tant par l'activité de recherche sur des sujets humains, que par la pratique clinique liée à la mise en oeuvre de nouveaux médicaments ou de nouvelles technologies. Dans quelles conditions une recherche est-elle "éthiquement" possible ? Qu'est-ce qui autorise les pratiques ? Qu'est-ce qui les interdit ? Quand sont-elles répréhensibles ? Les Cahiers de "l'Ethique en Mouvement", expression du Laboratoire d'Ethique médicale et de Santé Publique de l'Université René Descartes (Paris V), présentent, dans ce second numéro, une somme de réflexions (et d'interrogations) suscitées tant par l'activité de recherche sur des sujets humains, que par la pratique clinique liée à la mise en œuvre de nouveaux médicaments ou de nouvelles technologies. Déjà, la distinction entre ces deux champs d'action, même si elle n'est pas toujours aisée à établir, s'avère indispensable. Dans quelles conditions une recherche est-elle "éthiquement" possible ? Qu'est-ce qui autorise (voire, impose) les pratiques ? Qu'est-ce qui les interdit ? Quand sont-elles répréhensibles ? Autant de questions d'actualité qui, par les réponses qui y sont apportées, mettent en jeu le fonctionnement, et jusqu'à la légitimité même, des institutions. En l'absence de réflexion préalable sur la finalité de la recherche et sur le sens technique et environnemental des pratiques, toute réponse, qu'elle qu'elle soit, ne serait qu'une réponse artificielle, au mieux, logique, mais non opérationnelle. Comment induire, dans l'activité des chercheurs et des cliniciens, ces notions nouvelles ? Comment faire participer les décideurs, et l'ensemble du corps social, à une réflexion sur ces problèmes, qui les touchent quotidiennement ? Ce cahier, construit autour de la double notion "ethique de la recherche et Ethique clinique", constitue un véritable bilan d'expériences de la pratique d'une réflexion éthique sur la recherche, la thérapeutique et les soins en médecine et en biologie.

Ethique médicale --- Bioéthique --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- klinische proef (klinische studie, geneesmiddelenstudie) --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- essai clinique (étude clinique) --- Éthique médicale

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It is now possible for physicians to recognize that a pregnant woman's foetus is facing life-threatening problems, perform surgery on the foetus, and if it survives, return it to the woman's uterus to finish gestation. Although foetal surgery has existed in various forms for three decades, it is only just beginning to capture the public's imagination. These still largely experimental procedures raise all types of medical, political and ethical questions. Who is the patient? What are the technical difficulties involved in foetal surgery? How do reproductive politics seep into the operating room, and how do medical definitions and meanings flow out of medicine and into other social spheres? How are ethical issues defined in this practice and who defines them? Is foetal surgery the kind of medicine we want? What is involved in reframing foetal surgery as a women's health issue, rather than simply a paediatric concern? In this ethnographic study of the social, cultural and historical aspects of foetal surgery, Monica Casper addresses these questions."The Making of the Unborn Patient" examines two important and connected events of the second half of the 20th century: the emergence of foetal surgery as a new medical specialty and the debut of the unborn patient. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Casper shows how biomedical work has intersected with reproductive politics for three decades to generate new cultural meanings of foetuses, women and medicine itself. Since its inception, foetal surgery has been controversial both inside and outside of medicine precisely because it transgresses a number of boundaries, challenging our most cherished assumptions about pregnancy, maternal sacrifice, foetal life and death, and the limits of technology. Like many other medical innovations, especially those at the beginnings and ends of human life, foetal surgery is proceeding rapidly but without careful reflection about what it means and without public debate about its consequences. Foetal surgery is risky, expensive and fraught with peril for both women and their foetuses. This book offers a critical social and cultural analysis of this nascent yet significant innovation in biomedicine.Analyzing original data, Casper explores early foetal surgery efforts and the emergence of the unborn patient in the 1960s. She examines several related practices, including foetal physiology, diagnostic technologies, animal experimentation, and foetal wound healing research, and the ways in which they have shaped foetal surgery. She presents ethnographic data collected at one of the premier US foetal treatment facilities, offering a behind-the-scenes look at the various kinds of work involved in operating on human foetuses. She also examines the many ethical dilemmas involved in research on human subjects in experimental foetal surgery. Perhaps most significantly, the book draws attention to the many ways in which foetal surgery affects women's health.

Fetus --- Surgery --- Social aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- foetale geneeskunde --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- médecine foetale --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- Foetus --- Unborn child --- Embryology --- Reproduction --- Surgery&delete& --- Fetus - Surgery - Social aspects --- Fetus - Surgery - Moral and ethical aspects

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During the last two decades, applied ethics has not only developed into one of the most important philosophical disciplines but has also differentiated into so many subdisciplines that it is becoming increasingly difficult to survey it. A much-needed overview is provided by the eighteen contributions to this volume, in which internationally renowned experts deal with central questions of environmental ethics, bioethics and medical ethics, professional and business ethics, social, political, and legal ethics as well as with the aims and foundations of applied ethics in general. Thanks to a philosophical introduction and selected bibliographical references added to each chapter, the book is very well suited as a basis for courses in applied ethics. It is directed not only to philosophers and to ethicists from other disciplines but to scientists in general and to all people who are interested in the rational discussion of moral principles and their application to concrete problems in the sciences and in everyday life.

moraalfilosofie --- toegepaste ethiek --- milieuethiek --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- beroepsethiek (ethische beroepscodes) --- bedrijfsethiek (zakenethiek) --- philosophie morale --- éthique appliquée --- éthique de l'environnement --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- éthique professionnelle (code d'éthique) --- éthique des entreprises (éthique des affaires) --- Applied ethics. --- Applied ethics --- Practical ethics --- Ethics --- Casuistry --- Ethical problems --- Philosophy. --- Ethics. --- Philosophy, general. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities

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How do we choose between the needy and the ailing? Choices must be made in both the world of law and the realm of medical ethics. This book examines the issues involved in facing the dilemmas of abortion, euthanasia, genetic engineering, and organ transplant allocation.

Allocation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Anencephaly --- Medical ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Methodology. --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- Allocation of organs, tissues, etc --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Anencephalus --- Brain --- Neural tube --- Distribution of organs, tissues, etc. --- Organ allocation (Surgery) --- Organ distribution (Surgery) --- Organ placement (Surgery) --- Organ transplantation criteria --- Health care rationing --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Methodology --- Abnormalities

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Cet ouvrage fournit des pistes pour aider le lecteur à passer de la position de spectateur passif des évolutions techniques et sociétales à celle de constructeur actif des devenirs des savoirs et de la société humaine

Erfelijkheidsleer --- Ethique philosophique --- Hérédité --- Wijsgerige ethiek --- Bioethics --- Medical ethics --- Bioéthique --- Ethique médicale --- bio-ethiek (medische, biomedische ethiek, bio-ethische aspecten) --- geschiedenis (historische aspecten) --- beleid (politieke aspecten) --- wetenschapsethiek (wetenschappelijk wangedrag, fraude) --- ethiek van de technologie (technologiekritiek, technologiemisbruik) --- eugenetica (eugenese, eugenetiek) --- bioéthique (éthique médicale, biomédicale, aspects bioéthiques) --- histoire (aspects historiques) --- politique (aspects politiques) --- éthique de la science (inconduite scientifique) --- éthique de la technologie (critique de la technologie, abus de la technologie) --- eugénisme (eugénique) --- Éthique médicale --- Génétique humaine --- Sciences --- Aspect moral --- Bioéthique --- Ethique médicale --- Génétique humaine - Aspect moral --- Sciences - Aspect moral